Sammelbandbeitrag

Erschienen in: Wild Crop Relatives : Genomic and Breeding Resources : Plantation and Ornamental Crops

Herausgeberliste: Kole, C

Jahr der Veröffentlichung: 2011

Seiten: 243-275

ISBN: 978-3-642-21200-0

eISBN: 978-3-642-21201-7

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21201-7_12

Auflage: 1

Abstract: 

Presently, about 100–250 species are usually recognized in the genus Rosa.
The low levels of DNA sequence divergence found across the genus
suggest that it is a young genus with much speciation taking place after
the last glaciation. Poor phylogenetic resolution and commonly
occurring contradictions between chloroplast and nuclear gene
phylogenies suggest that hybridization has been a strong driving force
in the evolution of roses, often accompanied by polyploidization. In
addition, extensive anthropogenic impact has led to the development of
many new semi-wild and/or cultivated rose varieties. Some wild species
have become invasive.

This chapter describes the
taxonomy of roses. It presents examples of interesting traits in wild
species that may valuable to broaden the genetic base of cultivated
roses, such as thornlessness, winter hardiness, drought resistance, and
improved shelf-life. Also fragrance and compounds with possible health
effects are discussed. The highest priority in rose breeding research is
the development of disease resistant roses. Different resistance
mechanisms have been found for black spot and powdery mildew in various
wild rose species. We describe how resistance genes are being mapped
using crosses between wild, diploid rose species, and how other genes
for traits of interest are being identified.

We
proceed with a discussion of various ways to overcome the taxonomic and
ploidy level barriers for introgression of traits into cultivated hybrid
rose or garden rose germplasm, including dihaploidization,
polyploidization, and transgenics. Even so, breeding programs with wild
species are usually time-consuming. For garden roses, the genetic and
morphological distance between modern cultivars and the wild species is
smaller, which makes the use of wild species easier than in the case of
cut roses.

Harvard-Zitierstil: Smulders, M., Arens, P., Koning-Boucoiran, C., Gitonga, V., Krens, F., Atanassov, A., et al. (2011) Rosa, in Kole, C. (ed.) Wild Crop Relatives : Genomic and Breeding Resources : Plantation and Ornamental Crops. 1. Berlin / Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 243-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21201-7_12

APA-Zitierstil: Smulders, M., Arens, P., Koning-Boucoiran, C., Gitonga, V., Krens, F., Atanassov, A., Atanassov, I., Rusanov, K., Bendahmane, M., Dubois, A., Raymond, O., Caissard, J., Baudino, S., Crespel, L., Gudin, S., Ricci, S., Kovatcheva, N., Van Huylenbroeck, J., Leus, L., ...Nybom, H. (2011). Rosa. In Kole, C. (Ed.), Wild Crop Relatives : Genomic and Breeding Resources : Plantation and Ornamental Crops (1, pp. 243-275). Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21201-7_12