Journal article

Publication year: 2003

Pages: 29-55

Journal: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice

Volume number: 6

Issue number: 1

ISSN: 1094-9194

eISSN: 1558-4232

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1094-9194(02)00029-4

Publisher: Elsevier

Abstract: 
Avian renal diseases are common in practice but are often undetected or misdiagnosed. Polyuria can be interpreted as diarrhea leading to inappropriate investigation and therapy. The avian urinary system differs from the mammalian. This article explains the anatomy and physiology of the avian kidney and focuses on the diagnosis of renal disorders. In particular, blood chemistry, urinalysis, radiography, urography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and endoscopy (including biopsy) are explained and illustrated. Specific avian renal disorders and treatment possibilities are discussed.

Harvard Citation style: Lierz, M. (2003) Avian renal disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 6(1), pp. 29-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1094-9194(02)00029-4

APA Citation style: Lierz, M. (2003). Avian renal disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice. 6(1), 29-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1094-9194(02)00029-4