Journal article

Publication year: 2014

Pages: 879-901

Journal: Systematic Biology

Volume number: 63

Issue number: 6

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syu047

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Abstract: 

Tropical Southeast (SE) Asia harbors extraordinary species richness and
in its entirety comprises four of the Earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots.
Here, we examine the assembly of the SE Asian biota through time and
space. We conduct meta-analyses of geological, climatic, and biological
(including 61 phylogenetic) data sets to test which areas have been the
sources of long-term biological diversity in SE Asia, particularly in
the pre-Miocene, Miocene, and Plio-Pleistocene, and whether the
respective biota have been dominated by in situ
diversification, immigration and/or emigration, or equilibrium dynamics.
We identify Borneo and Indochina, in particular, as major “evolutionary
hotspots” for a diverse range of fauna and flora. Although most of the
region's biodiversity is a result of both the accumulation of immigrants
and in situ diversification, within-area diversification and
subsequent emigration have been the predominant signals characterizing
Indochina and Borneo's biota since at least the early Miocene. In
contrast, colonization events are comparatively rare from younger
volcanically active emergent islands such as Java, which show increased
levels of immigration events. Few dispersal events were observed across
the major biogeographic barrier of Wallace's Line. Accelerated efforts
to conserve Borneo's flora and fauna in particular, currently housing
the highest levels of SE Asian plant and mammal species richness, are
critically required.

Harvard Citation style: de Bruyn, M., Stelbrink, B., Morley, R., Hall, R., Carvalho, G., Cannon, C., et al. (2014) Borneo and Indochina are Major Evolutionary Hotspots for Southeast Asian Biodiversity, Systematic Biology, 63(6), pp. 879-901. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syu047

APA Citation style: de Bruyn, M., Stelbrink, B., Morley, R., Hall, R., Carvalho, G., Cannon, C., van den Bergh, G., Meijaard, E., Metcalfe, I., Boitani, L., Maiorano, L., Shoup, R., & von Rintelen, T. (2014). Borneo and Indochina are Major Evolutionary Hotspots for Southeast Asian Biodiversity. Systematic Biology. 63(6), 879-901. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syu047