Contribution in an anthology

Appeared in: Pharmaceuticals in the Environment : Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks

Editor list: Kümmerer, K

Publication year: 2004

Pages: 139-147

ISBN: 978-3-662-09261-3

eISBN: 978-3-662-09259-0

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09259-0_11

Edition: 2

Abstract: 
During the past decade pharmaceuticals have been recognised as a new
class of ubiquitously occurring persistent contaminants
(Halling-Sørensen et al. 1998; Daughton and Ternes 1999; Kämmerer 2001;
Boxall et al. 2003; Diaz-Cruz et al. 2003; Thiele-Bruhn 2003). A large
number of drugs are used extensively in both human and veterinary
medicine. Antibiotics are one of the most important substance classes
with a possible environmental impact. Estimations of the European
Federation of Animal Health (FEDESA) revealed that approximately 8500
tons of antibiotics were used in human medicine and 4700 tons in
veterinary medicine in the European Union (including Switzerland) in
1999 (Anonymous 2001).

Harvard Citation style: Hamscher, G., Pawelzick, H., Höper, H. and Nau, H. (2004) Antibiotics in Soil : Routes of Entry, Environmental Concentrations, Fate and Possible Effects, in Kümmerer, K. (ed.) Pharmaceuticals in the Environment : Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks. 2. Berlin / Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09259-0_11

APA Citation style: Hamscher, G., Pawelzick, H., Höper, H., & Nau, H. (2004). Antibiotics in Soil : Routes of Entry, Environmental Concentrations, Fate and Possible Effects. In Kümmerer, K. (Ed.), Pharmaceuticals in the Environment : Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks (2, pp. 139-147). Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09259-0_11