Journal article

Publication year: 2023

Pages: 2045-2058

Journal: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Volume number: 27

Issue number: 14

ISSN: 1582-1838

eISSN: 1582-4934

Open access status: Gold

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.17805

Publisher: Wiley

Abstract: 
Embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiate towards all three germ layers, including cardiac cells and leukocytes, and may be therefore suitable to model inflammatory reactions in vitro. In the present study, embryoid bodies differentiated from mouse ES cells were treated with increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic infection with gram-negative bacteria. LPS treatment dose-dependent increased contraction frequency of cardiac cell areas and calcium spikes and increased protein expression of alpha-actinin. LPS treatment increased the expression of the macrophage marker CD68 and CD69, which is upregulated after activation on T cells, B cells and NK cells. LPS dose-dependent increased protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Moreover, upregulation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), IL-1ss and cleaved caspase 1 was observed, indicating activation of inflammasome. In parallel, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and expression of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4 and eNOS occurred. ROS generation, NOX2 expression and NO generation were downregulated by the TLR4 receptor antagonist TAK-242 which abolished the LPS-induced positive chronotropic effect of LPS. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that LPS induced a pro-inflammatory cellular immune response in tissues derived from ES cells, recommending the in vitro model of embryoid bodies for inflammation research.

Harvard Citation style: Scharmacher, J., Wartenberg, M. and Sauer, H. (2023) The pro-inflammatory signature of lipopolysaccharide in spontaneous contracting embryoid bodies differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 27(14), pp. 2045-2058. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.17805

APA Citation style: Scharmacher, J., Wartenberg, M., & Sauer, H. (2023). The pro-inflammatory signature of lipopolysaccharide in spontaneous contracting embryoid bodies differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 27(14), 2045-2058. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.17805