Journal article

Publication year: 2022

Pages: 697-69+

Journal: Deutsches Ärzteblatt International

Volume number: 119

Issue number: 41

ISSN: 1866-0452

Open access status: Green

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0309

Publisher: Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag

Abstract: 
Background: According to a population-based study, approximately 6.8% of children and adolescents in Germany suffer from acute or chronic constipation. It can be of organic or functional origin and may be associated with comorbid disturbances, particularly fecal incontinence.Methods: We selectively searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for articles with the keywords "constipation," "children and adolescents," and "incontinence". Recommendations are based on the AWMF guideline on constipation and fecal incontinence and on international guidelines and reviews.Results: More than 90% of cases of chronic constipation are of functional origin. Organic causes vary with age and call for targeted differential diagnosis. Invasive tests are only rarely necessary. Functional constipation may be associated with fecal and urinary incontinence, and the relative risk of urinary tract infections is 2.2 to 6.5. There may be associated psychological symptoms and mental disorders in 30-50% of cases. The cornerstone of treatment is patient and parent education, along with laxative medication and toilet training. Instructional programs have been found effective in otherwise refractory cases.Conclusion: The treatment of constipation in childhood should begin as soon as the differential diagnostic evaluation is completed. The education of parents, follow-up at close intervals, and drug treatment and behavioral therapy that are adapted to the symptoms can improve quality of life.

Harvard Citation style: Classen, M., Righini-Grunder, F., Schumann, S., von Gontard, A. and de Laffolie, J. (2022) Constipation in Children and Adolescents, Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 119(41), pp. 697-69+. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0309

APA Citation style: Classen, M., Righini-Grunder, F., Schumann, S., von Gontard, A., & de Laffolie, J. (2022). Constipation in Children and Adolescents. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 119(41), 697-69+. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0309