Journal article

Publication year: 2022

Journal: Physical Review D

Volume number: 106

Issue number: 5

ISSN: 2470-0010

eISSN: 2470-0029

Open access status: Hybrid

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.054513

Publisher: American Physical Society

Abstract: 
In order to understand the puzzle of the free energy of an individual quark in QCD, we explicitly construct ensembles with quark numbers NV # 0 mod 3, corresponding to nonzero triality in a finite subvolume V on the lattice. We first illustrate the basic idea in an effective Polyakov-loop theory for the heavy-dense limit of QCD and then extend the construction to full lattice QCD, where the electric center flux through the surface of V has to be fixed at all times to account for Gauss's law. This requires introducing discrete Fourier transforms over closed center-vortex sheets around the spatial volume V between all subsequent time slices and generalizes the construction of 't Hooft's electric fluxes in the purge gauge theory. We derive this same result from a dualization of the Wilson fermion action and from the transfer-matrix formulation with a local Z3-Gauss law to restrict the dynamics to sectors with the required center charge in V.

Harvard Citation style: Ghanbarpour, M. and von Smekal, L. (2022) Quarks and triality in a finite volume, Physical Review D, 106(5), Article 054513. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.054513

APA Citation style: Ghanbarpour, M., & von Smekal, L. (2022). Quarks and triality in a finite volume. Physical Review D. 106(5), Article 054513. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.054513