Journalartikel

Jahr der Veröffentlichung: 2021

Zeitschrift: Geoderma

Bandnummer: 386

ISSN: 0016-7061

eISSN: 1872-6259

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114905

Verlag: Elsevier

Abstract: 

Icelandic biocrusts are unique micro-ecosystems, considering their origin from volcanic material as a mineral base. However, little is known about their chemistry and diversity of microorganisms. Being phosphorus (P)-rich, Icelandic soils contribute to the global P cycling. Therefore, here, we focused on investigating P content, P pools, microbial biomass P (P-mic) and potential phosphatase activity along an altitude gradient (11-157 m a.s.l.) stretching away from the sea coast. Total P (P-tota(l)) content in the studied biocrusts and soils varied between 982 and 1571 mg kg(-1) and P-mic, measured in biocrusts, constituted only a minor fraction <0.2% of P-total. Sequential P fractionation revealed the dominance of moderately labile P in biocrusts across the sites. Additionally, basic physicochemical properties were measured in biocrusts, and contents of total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) were positively correlated to P-mic and potential phosphatase activity.

Diversity and abundance of microbial phototrophs in the studied biocrusts were assessed by morphological observations using light and epifluorescence microscopy. Microphototrophic communities were dominated by eukaryotic microalgae (e.g. Chlorella, Coccomyxa, Stichococcus) including diatoms (e.g. Pinnularia and Eunotia) and the highest cell biovolume was recorded in the site located at the sea coast. Furthermore, the majority of cyanobacteria belonged to filamentous forms, such as Microcoleus, Leptolyngbya, Phormidesmis and Stenomitos. In addition, the majority of fungal strains isolated from the studied biocrusts belonged to Ascomycota (e.g. Pentcillium, Fusarium, Truncatella) and Zygomycota (e.g. Mucor, Mortierella).

Overall, this study provides for the first time a comprehensive description of microbial community composition and P distribution in Icelandic biocrusts, which were previously overlooked.

Harvard-Zitierstil: Pushkareva, E., Baumann, K., Anh Tu Van, Mikhailyuk, T., Baum, C., Hrynkiewicz, K., et al. (2021) Diversity of microbial phototrophs and heterotrophs in Icelandic biocrusts and their role in phosphorus-rich Andosols, Geoderma, 386, Article 114905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114905

APA-Zitierstil: Pushkareva, E., Baumann, K., Anh Tu Van, Mikhailyuk, T., Baum, C., Hrynkiewicz, K., Demchenko, E., Thiem, D., Koepcke, T., Karsten, U., & Leinweber, P. (2021). Diversity of microbial phototrophs and heterotrophs in Icelandic biocrusts and their role in phosphorus-rich Andosols. Geoderma. 386, Article 114905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114905