Journal article

Publication year: 2020

Journal: iScience

Volume number: 23

Issue number: 5

eISSN: 2589-0042

Open access status: Gold

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101120

Publisher: Cell Press

Abstract: 
The osmolyte glycine betaine (GB) ranks among the few widespread biomolecules in all three domains of life. In corals, tissue concentrations of GB are substantially higher than in the ambient seawater. However, the synthetic routes remain unresolved, questioning whether intracellular GB originates from de novo synthesis or heterotrophic input. Here we show that the genomic blueprint of coral metaorganisms encode the biosynthetic and degradation machinery for GB. Member organisms also adopted the prokaryotic high-affinity carrier-mediated uptake of exogenous GB, rendering coral reefs potential sinks of marine dissolved GB. The machinery metabolizing GB is highly expressed in the coral model Aiptasia and its microalgal symbionts, signifying GB's role in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. We estimate that corals store between 10(6)-10(9) grams of GB globally, representing about 16% of their nitrogen biomass. Our findings provide a framework for further mechanistic studies addressing GB's role in coral biology and reef ecosystem nitrogen cycling.

Harvard Citation style: Ngugi, D., Ziegler, M., Duarte, C. and Voolstra, C. (2020) Genomic Blueprint of Glycine Betaine Metabolism in Coral Metaorganisms and Their Contribution to Reef Nitrogen Budgets, iScience, 23(5), Article 101120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101120

APA Citation style: Ngugi, D., Ziegler, M., Duarte, C., & Voolstra, C. (2020). Genomic Blueprint of Glycine Betaine Metabolism in Coral Metaorganisms and Their Contribution to Reef Nitrogen Budgets. iScience. 23(5), Article 101120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101120