Journal article
Authors list: Gonzalez-Zapata, Fanny L.; Bongaerts, Pim; Ramirez-Portilla, Catalina; Adu-Oppong, Boahemaa; Walljasper, Gretchen; Reyes, Alejandro; Sanchez, Juan A.
Publication year: 2018
Journal: Frontiers in Marine Science
Volume number: 5
eISSN: 2296-7745
Open access status: Gold
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00029
Publisher: Frontiers Media
Abstract:
Mesophotic reef-building coral communities (similar to 30-120 m depth) remain largely unexplored, despite representing roughly three-quarters of the overall depth range at which tropical coral reef ecosystems occur. Although many coral species are restricted to shallow depths, several species occur across large depth ranges, including lower mesophotic depths. Yet, it remains unclear how such species can persist under extreme low-light conditions and how the different symbiotic partners associated with these corals contribute to facilitate such broad depth ranges. We assessed holobiont genetic diversity of the Caribbean coral Agaricia undata over depth in three localities of Colombia: San Andres Island (between 37 and 85 m), Cartagena (between 17 and 45 m) and "Parque Nacional Natural Corales de Profundidad" (between 77 and 87 m). We used a population genomics approach (NextRAD) for the coral host, and amplicon sequencing for the associated Symbiodinium (non-coding region of the plastid psbA minicircle) and prokaryotic (V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene) symbiont community. For the coral host, genetic structuring was only observed across geographic regions, but not between depths. Bayesian clustering and discriminant analysis of principal components revealed genetic structuring between the three regions, but not between shallow (<30 m), upper (>= 30 and <= 60 m) and lower mesophotic (>60 m) depths. This pattern was confirmed when evaluating pairwise differentiation (F-ST) between populations, with much higher values between regions (0.0467-0.1034) compared to between depths [within location; -0.0075-(-0.0007)]. Symbiotic partners, including seven types of zooxanthellae and 325 prokaryotic OTUs, did not exhibit partitioning across depths. All samples hosted Symbiodinium Glade C3 and the type C3psbA_e was present in all depths. Alpha microbial diversity was not significantly different between zones (upper vs. lower), which community composition between coral colonies was similar in the two zones (ANOSIM, R = -0.079, P > 0.05). The coral microbiome was dominated by Uncultured Betaproteobacteria in the order EC94 (16%), Unknown-Bacteria (15%), family Cenarchaeaceae (12 %), Burkholderiaceae (10%), and Hahellaceae (10%). The constant coral-holobiont composition along the studied depth range suggests that identity of the symbionts is not responsible for the coral's broad depth range and adaptation to low light environments.
Citation Styles
Harvard Citation style: Gonzalez-Zapata, F., Bongaerts, P., Ramirez-Portilla, C., Adu-Oppong, B., Walljasper, G., Reyes, A., et al. (2018) Holobiont Diversity in a Reef-Building Coral over Its Entire Depth Range in the Mesophotic Zone, Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, Article 29. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00029
APA Citation style: Gonzalez-Zapata, F., Bongaerts, P., Ramirez-Portilla, C., Adu-Oppong, B., Walljasper, G., Reyes, A., & Sanchez, J. (2018). Holobiont Diversity in a Reef-Building Coral over Its Entire Depth Range in the Mesophotic Zone. Frontiers in Marine Science. 5, Article 29. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00029
Keywords
Agaricia undata; CARIBBEAN SEA; endosymbiont; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LOCI; mesophotic coral ecosystems; MONTASTRAEA-CAVERNOSA; SCLERACTINIA; SHALLOW; SYMBIODINIUM
