Journal article

Publication year: 2010

Pages: 731-743

Journal: Stem Cells and Development

Volume number: 19

Issue number: 5

ISSN: 1547-3287

eISSN: 1557-8534

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2008.0266

Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert

Abstract: 
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are used to treat bone diseases. Herein, the effects of static EMFs on chondro-osteogenesis and vasculogenesis of embryonic stem (ES) cells and bone mineralization of mouse fetuses were investigated. Treatment of differentiating ES cells with static EMFs (0.4-2 mT) stimulated vasculogenesis and chondro-osteogenesis and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was abolished by the free radical scavengers trolox, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), and the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor diphenylen iodonium (DPI). In contrast, EMFs of 10 mT field strength exerted inhibitory effects on vasculogenesis and chondro-osteogenesis despite robust ROS generation. EMFs of 1 mT and 10 mT increased and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, respectively, which was abolished by DPI and radical scavengers. EMFs activated extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which was sensitive to DPI treatment. The increase in VEGF by EMFs was inhibited by the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 but not by SB203580 and SP600125, which are p38 and JNK inhibitors, respectively, suggesting VEGF regulation by ERK1/2. Chondro-osteogenesis and vasculogenesis of ES cells was blunted by trolox, DPI, and the VEGF receptor-2 (flk-1) antagonist SU5614. In mouse fetuses 1 mT EMFs increased and 10 mT EMFs decreased bone mineralization, which was abolished in the presence of trolox. Hence, EMFs induced chondro-osteogenesis and vasculogenesis in ES cells and bone mineralization of mouse fetuses by a ROS-dependent up-regulation of VEGF expression.

Harvard Citation style: Bekhite, M., Finkensieper, A., Abou-Zaid, F., El-Shourbagy, I., Omar, K., Figulla, H., et al. (2010) Static Electromagnetic Fields Induce Vasculogenesis and Chondro-Osteogenesis of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Up-Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Stem Cells and Development, 19(5), pp. 731-743. https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2008.0266

APA Citation style: Bekhite, M., Finkensieper, A., Abou-Zaid, F., El-Shourbagy, I., Omar, K., Figulla, H., Sauer, H., & Wartenberg, M. (2010). Static Electromagnetic Fields Induce Vasculogenesis and Chondro-Osteogenesis of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Up-Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Stem Cells and Development. 19(5), 731-743. https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2008.0266