Journal article
Authors list: Airapetian, A; Akopov, N; Akopov, Z; Amarian, M; Andrus, A; Aschenauer, EC; Augustyniak, W; Avakian, R; Avetissian, A; Avetissian, E; Bailey, P; Balin, D; Baumgarten, C; Beckmann, M; Belostotski, S; Bianchi, N; Blok, HP; Böttcher, H; Borissov, A; Borysenko, A; Bouwhuis, M; Braun, B; Brüll, A; Bryzgalov, V; Capitani, GP; Capiluppi, M; Chen, T; Ciullo, G; Contalbrigo, M; Court, G; Dalpiaz, PF; De Leo, R; Demey, M; De Nardo, L; De Sanctis, E; Devitsin, E; Di Nezza, P; Düren, M; Ehrenfried, M; Elalaoui-Moulay, A; Elbakian, G; Ellinghaus, F; Elschenbroich, U; Fabbri, R; Fantoni, A; Fechtchenko, A; Felawka, L; Frullani, S; Gapienko, G; Gapienko, V; Garibaldi, F; Garrow, K; Gavrilov, G; Gharibyan, V; Graw, G; Grebeniouk, O; Gregor, IM; Hadjidakis, C; Haeberli, W; Hafidi, K; Hartig, M; Hasch, D; Heesbeen, D; Henoch, M; Hertenberger, R; Hesselink, WHA; Hillenbrand, A; Hoek, M; Holler, Y; Hommez, B; Hristova, I; Iarygin, G; Ivanilov, A; Izotov, A; Jackson, HE; Jgoun, A; Kaiser, R; Kinney, E; Kisselev, A; Kobayashi, T; Koch, N; Kolster, H; Kopytin, M; Korotkov, V; Kozlov, V; Krauss, B; Krivokhijine, VG; Lagamba, L; Lapikás, L; Laziev, A; Lenisa, P; Liebing, P; Linden-Levy, LA; Lorenzon, W; Lu, H; Lu, J; Lu, S; Ma, BQ; Malheu, B; Makins, NCR; Mao, Y; Marianski, B; Marukyan, H; Mexner, V; Meyners, N; Mussa, R; Mikloukho, O; Miller, CA; Miyachi, Y; Muccifora, V; Nagaitsev, A; Nappi, E; Naryshkin, Y; Nass, A; Negodaev, M; Nowak, WD; Oganessyan, K; Ohsuga, H; Osborne, A; Pickert, N; Potterveld, DH; Raithel, M; Reggiani, D; Reimer, PE; Reischl, A; Reolon, AR; Riedl, C; Rith, K; Rosner, G; Rostomyan, A; Rubacek, L; Rubin, J; Ryckbosch, D; Salomatin, Y; Sanjiev, I; Savin, I; Schill, C; Schnell, G; Schüler, KP; Seele, J; Seidl, R; Seitz, B; Shanidze, R; Shearer, C; Shibata, TA; Shutov, V; Sinram, K; Sommer, W; Stancari, M; Statera, M; Steffens, E; Steijger, JJM; Stenzel, H; Stewart, J; Stinzing, F; Tait, P; Tanaka, H; Taroian, S; Tchuiko, B; Terkulov, A; Trzeinski, A; Tytgat, M; Vandenbroucke, A; van der Nati, P; van der Steenhoven, G; van Haarlem, Y; Vetterli, MC; Vikhrov, V; Vincter, MG; Vogel, C; Volmer, J; Wang, S; Wendland, J; Wilbert, J; Wise, T; Smit, GY; Ye, Y; Ye, Z; Yen, S; Zihlmann, B; Zupranski, P
Publication year: 2005
Pages: 68-101
Journal: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume number: 540
Issue number: 1
ISSN: 0168-9002
eISSN: 1872-9576
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.020
Publisher: Elsevier
Abstract:
The HERMES hydrogen and deuterium nuclear-polarized gas targets have been in use since 1996 with the polarized electron beam of HERA at DESY to study the spin structure of the nucleon. Polarized atoms from a Stern-Gerlach Atomic Beam Source are injected into a storage cell internal to the HERA electron ring. Atoms diffusing from the center of the storage cell into a side tube are analyzed to determine the atomic fraction and the atomic polarizations. The atoms have a nuclear polarization, the axis of which is defined by an external magnetic holding field. The holding field was longitudinal during 1996-2000, and was changed to transverse in 2001. The design of the target is described, the method for analyzing the target polarization is outlined, and the performance of the target in the various running periods is presented. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation Styles
Harvard Citation style: Airapetian, A., Akopov, N., Akopov, Z., Amarian, M., Andrus, A., Aschenauer, E., et al. (2005) The HERMES polarized hydrogen and deuterium gas target in the HERA electron storage ring, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 540(1), pp. 68-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.020
APA Citation style: Airapetian, A., Akopov, N., Akopov, Z., Amarian, M., Andrus, A., Aschenauer, E., Augustyniak, W., Avakian, R., Avetissian, A., Avetissian, E., Bailey, P., Balin, D., Baumgarten, C., Beckmann, M., Belostotski, S., Bianchi, N., Blok, H., Böttcher, H., Borissov, A., ...Zupranski, P. (2005). The HERMES polarized hydrogen and deuterium gas target in the HERA electron storage ring. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 540(1), 68-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.020
Keywords
atomic beam source; detection of atomic beams; INTERNAL TARGET; NUCLEAR-POLARIZATION; polarimeters; polarized targets; RELAXATION MAGNETIQUE DATOMES; spin polarized hydrogen
