Journal article

Publication year: 2004

Pages: 571-575

Journal: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Volume number: 242

Issue number: 7

ISSN: 0721-832X

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-004-0887-x

Publisher: Springer

Abstract: 
Background: Vertical strabismus can be modulated by the viewing distance. We report on 19 patients with this disorder. Methods: The following squint angles were measured by the alternate prism and cover test at a viewing distance of 5 m. At 0.3 m, measurements were taken with and without an addition of 3.0 D to the corrected refraction. Cases of a dissociated vertical deviation were excluded. Fifteen patients underwent surgery. They were reexamined 3 months later. Results: At a viewing distance of 5 m, the vertical deviation ranged from 0degrees to 16degrees (median 7degrees). At 0.3 m, the deviation increased by 2degrees-15degrees (median 7degrees) in 15 patients and decreased by 3.5degrees-8degrees (median 4.5degrees) in 4 patients. Eleven patients had a strabismus sursoadductorius and one had a strabismus deorsoadductorius. Eye muscle surgery reduced both the vertical deviation for distance fixation to 0degrees-14degrees (median 2degrees) and the difference between the deviations for distance and proximal fixation to 1degrees-6degrees (median 3degrees). Conclusions: In certain cases, vertical strabismus can be modulated by convergence and accommodation. This condition is frequently associated with an incomitance of the vertical deviation in side gaze. The baseline deviation can be reduced by appropriate eye muscle surgery. In cases of vertical accommodative vergence, bifocal glasses can be helpful.

Harvard Citation style: Gräf, M., Rost, D. and Becker, R. (2004) Influence of viewing distance on vertical strabismus, Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 242(7), pp. 571-575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-004-0887-x

APA Citation style: Gräf, M., Rost, D., & Becker, R. (2004). Influence of viewing distance on vertical strabismus. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 242(7), 571-575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-004-0887-x