Journal article

Publication year: 1992

Pages: 121-126

Journal: Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz

Volume number: 65

Issue number: 7

ISSN: 0340-7330

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01906935

Publisher: Blackwell

Abstract: 

The possible side-effects of the neem products NeemAzal-S (Azal), Azt-Extract (AZT), Margosan-O(R) (Margosan) and aqueous neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) on Daphnia magna, the water flea, were investigated under laboratory conditions.

A 48 h immobilisation test was conducted using 6-24 h old juveniles of D. magna. The 48 h-EC50 in mg/l and the corresponding azadirachtin concentrations in ppm were for Azal 12.3 mg/l (0.04 ppm), for AZT-extract 29.3 mg/l (0.34 ppm), for Margosan-O 103 mg/l (0.19 ppm) and for NSKE 1128 mg/l (3.38 ppm). 48 h exposure of young water fleas to the EC10 and subsequent rearing for 3 weeks in uncontaminated water caused no reduction of the growth rate. Semi-static tests using juveniles and adults of an age of 21 days led to increased mortality but surviving juvenile water fleas developed with slightly reduced growth rates and reached maturity. Surviving adults produced viable, morphologically normal progeny in reduced number. There were no difficulties during moults. In the described tests the formulated products were more effective than NSKE in the order Azal > AZT > Margosan > NSKE. The missing correlation between the observed effects and the content of the main insecticidal ingredient azadirachtin in the neem products leads to the conclusion that the major factors for toxicity of the formulated products are emulsifiers and/or other products. The possible impact of neem products on aquatic microcrustaceans when used for pest control measures or as fertilizers in rice fields is discussed.

Harvard Citation style: SAUCKE, H. and SCHMUTTERER, H. (1992) INVESTIGATIONS ON SIDE-EFFECTS OF VARIOUS NEEM PRODUCTS ON DAPHNIA-MAGNA-STRAUS (CRUSTACEA, CLADOCERA), Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz, 65(7), pp. 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01906935

APA Citation style: SAUCKE, H., & SCHMUTTERER, H. (1992). INVESTIGATIONS ON SIDE-EFFECTS OF VARIOUS NEEM PRODUCTS ON DAPHNIA-MAGNA-STRAUS (CRUSTACEA, CLADOCERA). Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz. 65(7), 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01906935