Journalartikel

Jahr der Veröffentlichung: 1988

Seiten: 51-55

Zeitschrift: Fett = Lipid

Bandnummer: 90

Heftnummer: 2

ISSN: 0931-5985

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1002/lipi.19880900202

Verlag: Wiley-VCH

Abstract: 
With increasing "overproduction" of food supplies it is frequently emphasized now that agricultural production of industrial "non-food" raw materials should be intensified. Many adapted crop plants are already available for producing various kinds of natural material. Particularly the large group of oil-crops could be used even more widely for providing vegetable oils for numerous technical purposes. The example of rape-seed (Brassica napus) clearly demonstrates that the composition of vegetable oil can be completely reconstructed according to the wishes of manufacturers or consumers, even by conventional breeding methods. Further, more rapid and efficient breeding is expected by application of modern "biotechnology", i.e. tissue- and cell-culture techniques as well as "genetic engineering". Where variation for a character the oil-quality is limited within a crop plant, a wide range of alien wild species is available for broadening genetic variation of plants like rapeseed, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) or linseed (flax, Linum usitatissimum). Exploration of such "new" genetic variation is nowadays facilitated by vitro embryo culture or cell (protoplast)-fusion techniques. Such biotechniques can help to overcome crossing barriers between species as shown e.g. in the genus Brassica. But also in other important oilcrops like linseed or sunflower, biotechniques can now be applied profitably. For example, it has been demonstrated that protoplasts can be regenerated in Linum, so that asexual interspecific hybrids can principally be produced in that way. Alien species of sunflower and linseed show a wide range of variation regarding agronomically important characters, particularly of oil composition and disease resistance. This alien genetic variation can be used for breeding new disease resistant oil-crop cultivars. Other techniques, like the "haploidy-method" can help to accelerate a breeding programme, ultimately leading to a homozygous line or cultivar. For example, haploids are now routinely induced in linseed and various Brassica crops. Finally, genetic engineering will allow in the future, to isolate qualitatively high effective genes from any organism and transfer it fucntionally into adapted high-yielding crop plants. Therewith, the agronomic and economic value of such crops may be more efficiently and rapidly increased than until now.

Harvard-Zitierstil: FRIEDT, W. (1988) BIOTECHNOLOGY IN BREEDING OF INDUSTRIAL OIL CROPS - THE PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE-PROSPECTS, Fett = Lipid, 90(2), pp. 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1002/lipi.19880900202

APA-Zitierstil: FRIEDT, W. (1988). BIOTECHNOLOGY IN BREEDING OF INDUSTRIAL OIL CROPS - THE PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE-PROSPECTS. Fett = Lipid. 90(2), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1002/lipi.19880900202