Journal article

Publication year: 1986

Pages: 515-524

Journal: Journal of Applied Entomology

Volume number: 101

Issue number: 5

ISSN: 0931-2048

eISSN: 1439-0418

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1986.tb00885.x

Publisher: Wiley

Abstract: 
Four and ten days old larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda were fed in the laboratory for one to three days with leaves of Ricinus communis treated either with a Neem-seed-kernel-extract (AZT-VR), Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel), or a mixture of both. AZT-VR was tested in concentrations of 25 ppm to 250 ppm, the concentrations of Dipel were 0.1% and 0.5%. Young fourth instar larvae and fourth instar larvae of different age of Aedes togoi were held in water treated with a Neem-seed-kernel-extract (AZT-VR-K), Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Teknar), or a mixture of both until adult emergence. The combination of Neem-seed-kernel-extract and B. thuringiensis-products increased mortality compared to that exerted by each compound alone. Furthermore the combination decreased pupal weight of surviving test insects and reduced the time required to kill 50% of the larvae of S. frugiperda. In the tests with A. togoi the dead larvae/dead pupae ratio was shifted to a higher number of killed pupae in the combinations compared to the ratios revealed after application of the compounds alone. In most of the combinations the resultant effect of the two substances was the same as the value expected on the basis of the part-actions, that is an additive action. In some combinations however, the resultant effect was larger as expected and showed a synergistic action.

Harvard Citation style: HELLPAP, C. and ZEBITZ, C. (1986) COMBINED APPLICATION OF NEEM-SEED-KERNEL-EXTRACT WITH BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS-PRODUCTS FOR THE CONTROL OF SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA AND AEDES-TOGOI, Journal of Applied Entomology, 101(5), pp. 515-524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1986.tb00885.x

APA Citation style: HELLPAP, C., & ZEBITZ, C. (1986). COMBINED APPLICATION OF NEEM-SEED-KERNEL-EXTRACT WITH BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS-PRODUCTS FOR THE CONTROL OF SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA AND AEDES-TOGOI. Journal of Applied Entomology. 101(5), 515-524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1986.tb00885.x