Journal article

Publication year: 2012

Pages: 319-332

Journal: European Sociological Review

Volume number: 28

Issue number: 3

ISSN: 0266-7215

eISSN: 1468-2672

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcq066

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Abstract: 
A number of cross-sectional studies have demonstrated a significant co-variation of patriotism and nationalism with prejudice against immigrants. This study examines the causal relationship between the three variables among 551 adult German respondents without migration background. Employing a longitudinal cross-lagged design with two measurements 4 years apart, a positive and significant effect of nationalism on prejudice was found. Patriotism predicted ethnic prejudice negatively when nationalism was controlled for. However, in a separate cross-lagged model where the common variance between nationalism and patriotism was not controlled for, patriotism had no causal effect on prejudice. In the discussion, these contradictory effects of patriotism on prejudice against immigrants are interpreted as the result of different dimensions composing patriotism, namely national identification and adherence to democratic norms. Consequences and political implications of the results are discussed, referring to the negative effects of enforcing both nationalism and patriotism.

Harvard Citation style: Wagner, U., Becker, J., Christ, O., Pettigrew, T. and Schmidt, P. (2012) A Longitudinal Test of the Relation between German Nationalism, Patriotism, and Outgroup Derogation, European Sociological Review, 28(3), pp. 319-332. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcq066

APA Citation style: Wagner, U., Becker, J., Christ, O., Pettigrew, T., & Schmidt, P. (2012). A Longitudinal Test of the Relation between German Nationalism, Patriotism, and Outgroup Derogation. European Sociological Review. 28(3), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcq066