Journal article
Authors list: Thummes, G; Bender, S; Heiden, C
Publication year: 1996
Pages: 709-711
Journal: Cryogenics
Volume number: 36
Issue number: 9
ISSN: 0011-2275
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(96)00060-4
Publisher: Elsevier
Abstract:
We report on the design and test of a three-stage refrigerator, consisting of a liquid nitrogen bath with heat exchangers and two subsequent pulse tube stages. The liquid nitrogen bath serves for precooling the oscillating He-4-gas flow. The PTR stages are operated in orifice and double-inlet mode with the orifice valves, reservoirs and second-inlet valves located at ambient temperature. Er3Ni shot is used for the regenerator matrix in the coldest stage. A minimum temperature of 2.13(1)K has been achieved, which, at the average operating pressure of 19.5 bar, is only 0.19 K above the lambda-line for the superfluid phase transition of He-4. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Limited
Citation Styles
Harvard Citation style: Thummes, G., Bender, S. and Heiden, C. (1996) Approaching the He-4 lambda line with a liquid nitrogen precooled two-stage pulse tube refrigerator, Cryogenics, 36(9), pp. 709-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(96)00060-4
APA Citation style: Thummes, G., Bender, S., & Heiden, C. (1996). Approaching the He-4 lambda line with a liquid nitrogen precooled two-stage pulse tube refrigerator. Cryogenics. 36(9), 709-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(96)00060-4
Keywords
4-K; liquid helium temperatures; multiple staging; purse tube refrigerators; regenerators
